Continental Drifting

 

I walked along the beach a few days ago a quarter mile landward of the San Andreas fault zone. Surfers were swimming out and riding the curls back on the west side of San Francisco. Sets picked them up over the Pacific Plate and swept them onto North America. A hundred feet below, the fault lay buried under shifting sandbars and deeper layers of sediment, icing smoothed on day after day.

South of here stood the ragged projection of Mussel Rock, where the San Andreas fault continues from land into the sea, dipping under like a shark. To the north is the Marin Headlands where hills part, the fault making landfall again. An invisible boundary could be drawn between the two, passing through surfers lined up over the fault like iron filings to a magnet.

Things we take for granted, the earth moving under our feet, the heat down deep that drives the motion. This is why we are here. Without tectonics, this planet might not have life, at least not as we know it. By continuously supplying substrates and removing products, continental plates as they separate and collide create a geochemical cycle. Without tectonics to grind up mountain ranges, spitting volcanoes at the edges, there would be no crazy, colorful diversity from hummingbirds to the rainbows of minerals formed in oxygenated atmospheres.

The San Andreas fault, which runs from near Mexico to the sea just north of San Francisco, is the line between two of the larger global plates, which rub aggressively against each other, both heading the same general direction but at different speeds. For the last week I’d been paying homage to this fault by traveling with a friend along its trajectory where it passes through the Bay Area. Much of that course is by water, requiring the use of a craft. My friend, John, brought his sea-going dory for us to row the line. He called our journey ‘continental drifting,’ as if it were some new global sport and we were the only participants. Continue reading

Apocalypse, in costume

I have what might best be classified as ‘manic costume joy.’ You’ve even heard about it here on this blog. I try to be the scariest thing I can think of for Halloween. One year, that was “Your Biological Clock.” Another year, the year humans hit 7 billion in number on October 31st, I tried to be overpopulation by burying myself in tiny homemade dolls with articulating, poseable limbs. Instead, I gave up after making just 30 and decided that “I am Being Attacked by Tiny People.”

Last week, my journalist friend Cally asked me when I was going to be the “Sixth Mass Extinction.”

Great idea, right? Really scary! But how does one dress up as a geologic-era scale event? You can’t just walk around in a onesie covered with CO2 molecules telling people that you’re the “Apotheosis of the Anthropocene,” can you?

Fortunately (but actually, quite unfortunately), the news has recently been full of inspiring headlines, so before the big day, I worked up some options:

 

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Guest Post: The Power of Water and Its Absence

As I put today’s fifth pot of water on the stove to boil, I think about how this has become part of my daily routine. Bring 5 quarts of water to a boil, set the timer for 3 minutes, pour some in the French press to brew coffee, use some to wash out the dog dishes, let the rest cool, fill the huge pitcher in the fridge, top off the dogs’ water bowls, fill the reusable water bottles. Boil another pot of water, and make sure it’s at a rolling boil for at least 3 minutes. Do it again and again. Ensure I have a pot of freshly boiled water ready for dinner: I need to wash the vegetables and we need clean water to drink.

I’m not on a camping trip, nor am I on a reporting trip in a country with tainted water. I’m in Austin, Texas, a city of nearly 1 million people. As I write this, we are on day 5 of a boil-water order. Use only boiled or bottled water for drinking, cooking, feeding pets, brushing teeth, cleaning dishes. Continue reading

Quirky Little Nature Essays Don’t Seem Quite Right Today

Very bad cell phone shot of a vulture on a carcass.
Did you know you can take pictures through binoculars with your cell phone? The vulture had just arrived at the opossum and probably couldn’t believe its luck.

My favorite kind of post, in the years I’ve been writing here at LWON, has been about little moments of urban nature. A few weeks ago the bumblebees were all over the sunflowers at the community garden, and they were wonderful. I’m still excited about the vulture I saw swoop down to the railroad tracks to check out a dead possum a few months back.

But I can’t write these right now. My moments of delight don’t mesh with the wrongness of the world. My little nature obsessions always seem a bit pointless, but the contrast is stronger now. If I’m writing, I should be delivering some kind of brilliant insight on why so many of my fellow citizens are so full of hate. The guy who sent bombs to people whose politics he disagreed with. The other guy who murdered people in a synagogue in Pittsburgh. The long and thoroughly human history of murdering other humans because they are those other humans, not your own humans. And the wish that people could just love each other. And hold out their arms to the poor and the desperate and, for goodness’ sake, just stop being mean.

I know it’s true what they say, that you need people who highlight the bits of beauty in the world. But I don’t know how to make that gorgeous vulture’s story (it went for the eyes first, smart bird) matter. How do I write a quirky little nature essay when you—you, reader in the United States of America—could get shot tomorrow at work or a store or your place of worship?

Sometimes taking the long view makes me feel better. Recently I read an article from the Atlantic, about people trying to piece together what killed the dinosaurs. We all know what killed the dinosaurs, yeah, the giant asteroid impact – but apparently people are still arguing about whether that was really it. These people do not like each other. I recommend the article. Continue reading

Under the Knife

On Sunday we sat outside on the sidewalk and carved our pumpkins. As we worked, we reminisced about past pumpkin carving sessions. My mom and my brother and I used to carve them on the kitchen floor, on the rectangle squares of linoleum. My husband and his sister used to carve their pumpkins in the living room on a protective barrier of newspapers. Both the houses we carved in are now gone, but the memory of the pumpkins links us to those places and those moments.

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Bad Moon on the iPhone

Last Wednesday, I was driving with a couple of friends. We turned onto a road that runs along the lakeshore and gasped. An enormous orange moon hung low over the lake, the bottom rim nearly kissing the water. It looked impossible. “I wish we could pull over,” one of my passengers said.

I swerved into a parking lot and stopped in front of a boat launch. We leaped out and raised our phones to capture the perfect moon shot. I wanted some record of this glorious orange orb, this floating jack-o-lantern, this magnificent celestial body, this . . . why am I bothering with all these adjectives when I could just SHOW you what I saw?!

Are you not amazed?

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When Is Screen Addiction Actually Addiction?

This week, I published a story with NOVA about the relationship between chemical addiction and screen addiction. For those of you who don’t know, screen addiction, internet gaming addiction, or basically any experience you’ve had with a Shonda Rhymes series at 3AM, are vaguely defined psychological conditions that that some experts consider to be addiction.

The story looked at some disturbing research that suggests obsessive viewing of certain computer games, social media, and entertainment can – over time – start to looks a lot like addiction. Especially when it starts at a very young age. In mouse models, there’s even evidence of permanent changes to the brain and a connection with attentional disorders and future addiction to other substances.

Addiction is one of those things where, the more you learn about it, the more terrifying it gets. For instance, some studies suggest it can impede your ability to manage pain in your body and even enjoy chocolate or sex. For years or decades.

And anyone who follows brain science knows that brain plasticity is pretty hip these days. Now we know it lasts way into old age and can do some pretty amazing things. But it’s not unlimited, especially during crucial developmental periods. In fact, there is some evidence that regular teenage drug users lose their plasticity – their ability to create new connections in the brain – which can change the way the brain is wired.

Connections in the brain are a little like roads. And you can only build so many over the landscape. This may account for some cognitive deficits observed in regular drug users. Drug addiction, it seems, may hoard all the roads for itself, which can be devastating for a teen who is building the roads she will use the rest of her life.

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In which I talk myself–and you–into going for a walk

A woodcut of lady walking along a garden path in profile

This week, you may have seen the following headline in your feeds: “Not exercising enough is worse for you than smoking and diabetes, study suggests.” For 122,000 patients at the Cleveland Clinic, better fitness—as demonstrated by better performance on a treadmill test–strongly predicted longer lives. Because there have been some questions about possible health risks of extreme exercise, the press release and news coverage focused on the health benefits enjoyed by those with the highest levels of fitness: the elite performers. But the study also reinforces many previous studies that show that a little exercise and a little fitness is better than none at all. On average, the “below average” fitness people outlived the “low” fitness people.

Graph showing Patient Survival by Performance Group Log-rank P < .001 for all groups, except elite vs high performers (log-rank P = .002).
From Mandsager, Kyle, et al. “Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing.” JAMA Network Open 1.6 (2018): e183605-e183605.

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