Consent & the Afterlife

The cartonnage of Gautseshenu, ca. 945–712 B.C.E. Image by the Brooklyn Museum.

In the Egyptian wing of the Brooklyn Museum my young son stands before a beautiful coffin containing the body of woman named Gautseshenu. Her name means “bouquet of lotuses,” though neither of us can pronounce it. After a couple bumbling tries we stop, me out of embarrassment and him because her name is not the point, and the whole idea here is still so very, very strange. 

How old? he asks again. 

Almost 3,000 years, I say.

And how old am I? 

He knows. He’s just checking against a void of time he can feel but make no sense of. The numbers, after all, mean nothing. Nor do the dynasties, the stories of the gods, the practical matters of corpse conservation. Some much more fundamental attraction is unfolding, and it’s linked to this: just beyond a few layers of linen, gesso, and paint, is a body. And just beyond that is the world of the dead. I’ve now watched this odd magic work its irresistible charm on both this son and his older brother—as well as hundreds of other kids who’ve stood beside us at various museums, staring at the mummies and tapping on the glass, weekend after weekend, year after year. 

A couple of decades ago Gautseshenu and other mummies here in Brooklyn were pulled from their galleries and returned to storage, away from the view of visitors. According to the museum’s web site, it had something to do with respect, or at least a reconsideration of what we think we’re trying to accomplish when we put the old dead on display. The mummies have been back for many years, though, and there have even been some relatively new discoveries made from them: at least two of the Brooklyn mummies were long mis-gendered as women, and are today—after CT scans—understood to be men. 

There is also now a quiet acknowledgment in the gallery of the fact that so puzzles and fascinates my sons: rich and exotic as they appear, colorful as carnival prizes, inside each of these packages are the remains of an actual person. Someone who assumed (or at least hoped) that after death they would spend eternity undisturbed. A sign at the entrance to the mummy chamber asks you to remember this, but my son, only 5, cannot yet read.

And yet it comes up. I’ve actually found questions about dignity and propriety to be among the first kids ask about the dead-on-display—once they get past the goosebumps. Years ago at the Met my eldest son paused, stood up from his examination of a mummy, and said, Why are they here? Did they know they would be? Now, before Gautseshenu, my middle son wants to know, Where is her family? Each question, in its way, is about belonging, but also consent—something we may never ask of the old dead. 

For a while on this late Saturday morning my son and I have the gallery nearly to ourselves. He wants to race to the mummies, to blast thought centuries and get to them. I try to slow him down, pull him toward statues and jewelry, scarabs and sphinxes. But there’s no tempering the allure of death, and soon we’re in the mummy chamber.

Here, he learns to identify Anubis, Osiris, Horus, heavy-hitters of the Egyptian pantheon, and moves from object to object, sarcophagus to cartonnage, finding them easily. Against the glass of the cases he traces hieroglyphs. And he squints skeptically at the eye painted on some of the coffins, through which the dead were believed to see: a kind of window onto the world they were leaving behind. 

Can they really see us? he asks.

Silently I think, I hope not. Out loud I just say, Maybe

He takes a step or two back, measuring the distance again between himself and the dead. Then, before he bounds away, he holds up a finger and wags it the mummy, as if to say, Oh no you don’t.

Lost in Curiosity

Our Roberta wrote a book!

Roberta Kwok wrote for The Last Word on Nothing for several years — and once a Person of LWON, always a Person of LWON. Her first book, Lost in Curiosity, comes out on July 21. It’s filled with stories of the ups and downs of astronomers, physicists, frog biologists, and more (read on to find out which chapter got its start as an LWON post).

Indie booksellers have already been celebrating Roberta’s writing, and we want to celebrate, too! Here’s an interview with Roberta about her fabulous new book.

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Cameron: How did the idea for the book come about?

Roberta: It’s hard to believe, but the seed for this book was planted 20 years ago. I was an MFA student in creative writing at Indiana University Bloomington, and I decided to write an essay about a scientist friend, Ben Blackman, who studied sunflowers. As part of the reporting, I followed him on a 20-hour lab experiment collecting leaf samples every few hours. And what struck me was how many things went wrong; most critically, at the 11pm and 3am timepoints, Ben discovered that some lights weren’t configured correctly, and all the samples we’d just laboriously collected might be useless. But he seemed to see this state of affairs as pretty normal and was ready to re-do the entire experiment. (Meanwhile, I was exhausted because I never stayed up this late.)

About 12 years later, I thought that maybe I could write a book exploring that theme — the hidden human struggles, failures, and uncertainty behind scientific discoveries, or the opposite of a Eureka moment. I loved narrative science books like Lab Girl and Owls of the Eastern Ice, where researchers told stories of the obstacles they’d faced and overcome. I wanted to take that idea a step further by following a research project from a different field in each chapter, creating a sort of tapestry of science. The vision was that the book could show science as a massive collective enterprise driven by the tiny steps — forward, and often backward — that individual scientists take.

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TIL, for Today I Learned, Is the Best Acronym. What Have You Learned Lately?

The letter Q evolved from a hieroglyph of a monkey. The Q’s tail is a monkey’s tail.

The best acronym, in this our golden age of acronyms, is TIL, for Today I Learned. I love it. People use #TIL as a hashtag on social media, but not to show off. It doesn’t mean “I know something you don’t know, nyah-nyah-nyah-nyah-nyah.” It means here’s something I just learned, and it’s delightful, and I’d like to share it with you. It’s humble. It’s generous. TIL is the opposite of smug. 

TIL names that distinct burst of joy you get when you learn something you’re happy to know. It’s a way to mark that moment, to recognize that life is enriched by this new word or stray fact. It’s why trivia night at a brewpub is so much fun. It’s great when you know the answer to a trivia question, especially when it’s something you didn’t know you knew. (In what fictional county was the TV show “Hee Haw” set? Cornfield County (although they spell it with Ks, which is unfortunate).) The irritation of missing a question is balanced by the opportunity to learn from it. Did you know baseball players use a modified bat to pop up fly balls so their teammates can practice fielding? And it has a name? It’s called a “fungo.” (Thanks, Pourhouse Trivia.) 

There’s an XKCD comic about TIL (because there is always an XKCD comic). If “everyone knows” something, Randall Munroe calculates, at least 10,000 people are learning it new every day. You can learn a lot from comics! This week I learned from Rosemary Mosco’s Bird and Moon that most rabbits nest under leaves, not in a burrow. 

I’m using the T in TIL loosely in this post, to cover things I’ve learned in the past weeks or months, but today (literally today) I learned that TIL is more precisely an an initialism, and not a classic acronym, which is a spoken word formed from initials, like NASA or FUBAR. I bet a lot of you knew that already. That’s one reason TIL contains multitudes: It reveal weakness and trusts you not to gloat.

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Crouching Spider, Hidden Tiger

Willa (Menemerus semilimbatus). Betsy Mason

Jumping spiders can see as well as house cats — despite being less than 10mm long in most cases. I find this astounding, but people almost never seem as impressed as I think they should be when I tell them this. Perhaps they don’t believe it could be true. 

It is, though. Scientists have measured these spiders’ spatial acuity, and it is on par with cats, pigeons, and elephants. Let that sink in for a moment. Jumping spiders can comfortably fit on your fingernail, while elephants are around 80 times bigger than you are. 

As I reported a few years back for Science News, your own visual acuity is only around five or ten times better than a jumping spider’s. “Given that you can fit a lot of spiders in one single human eyeball, that is pretty remarkable,” animal behavior researcher Ximena Nelson, who studies jumping spiders at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, told me. “In terms of size-for-size, there’s just no comparison whatsoever to the type of spatial acuity that jumping spider eyes can achieve.” 

That incredible eyesight evolved for a purpose: hunting. Jumping spiders do not build webs and sit around all night waiting for prey to become ensnared. They are out in the daytime hunting flies and other insects. And this brings us to another way these tiny arachnids are like cats.

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Coffeeshop Science

This first ran September 24, 2015; since then I have stopped going to that coffeeshop and no longer see Larry and John, its chief scientists, and in fact I hardly remember what they looked like and the coffeeshop moved anyway. Time is an illusion, you say? not when so much stuff undeniably happens in it; it’s real and it’s coming after you.

Anyway, this all reminds me of a story I’m working on in which a bunch of more or less ordinary guys track the satellites that the military keeps secret; the guys are out in their backyards or apartment balconies using binoculars and stopwatches. And that reminds me that citizen science is real and flourishing; and that I think people are natively scientists, they’re born scientists, that people do science the way they breathe.

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Somewhere in the deep pits of my mind, I still think of “scientists” as remote people whose sentences I won’t understand, and of “science” as an incomprehensible body of knowledge I have to memorize.  This is probably also the public’s image of science.  But if 1000 years as a science writer have taught me nothing else, it’s 1) that science is the way people think when they’re admiring their worlds, when they’re thinking of explanations of their worlds that they can most reliably believe.  And 2) that scientists are just specially-educated versions of the guys in the coffee shops.

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On the way into my usual coffee shop this morning, I looked at the nice crossing guard across the street.  She saw that I looked at her and waved.  I wondered how she knew I was looking at her.  The coffee shop was too noisy to concentrate on my magazines, so I asked John and Larry about the crossing guard. Why can people too far away to see your eyeballs know that you’re looking at them?  John and Larry are regulars who leave right at 8:00; they’re always dressed for the weekend. “Maybe you stop moving your head,” said John, supplying the hypothesis.  “Maybe having your head still and facing one way is noticeable.”  “I think that’s right,” said Larry, supplying possible evidence that could back the hypothesis or not.  “Look at cats.  Look at people looking at something you can’t see but now you want to and you look too.”

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The women in the coffee shop over by the window use their outdoor voices and sitting across the small room from them, I can hear every word they say whether I want to or not and I never want to.  They’re always like this.  My hypothesis: the women are trying to impress each other or are competing so they’re playing for an audience.  I politely wait until the women leave, then I tell Larry and John my hypothesis but they don’t think much of it; they’re not into the psychology of the individual.  Instead they see I have a problem and figure out their own hypothesis: I’m distracted by conversation. John’s office doesn’t have cubicles, he says, it’s open, and “pink noise” works. So he has a theory you could test:  “What hooks you into somebody’s conversation is the rhythms of the sentences,” he says, “and if enough people are talking that the sentences overlap and you don’t hear a rhythm, you can ignore it.”

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One regular is open about the psychoses he lives with.  He knows everybody’s name – “Hello, Ann,” he always says — and seems to appreciate the coffee shop for its company, its social reassurance.  Once when he went off his meds and the counter kids couldn’t figure out how to calm him down and get him help, they called the cops, and the cops came in like thunder, throwing the tables out of the way; and another regular walked in and assessed the scene about to go lethal, and said, “Hey, man! Let’s go to the hospital!” so they quietly did.  A couple weeks later, two game-designers in the coffee shop were talking about this regular.  “He says he’s moving up to Pennsylvania,” says one young game-designer.  “I think he needs a regular community. How is he going to find a regular community like this?” The other game designer didn’t have an answer. But a testable hypothesis, or at least as testable as any social science gets.

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The regulars are amateurs compared to the little neighbor kid, aged 5 or 6, who lives across the street.  She’s walking barefoot on the conglomerate sidewalk, paying attention to every step. “Mama,” she says, “these bumps on the sidewalk. How does my brain know about these bumps in the sidewalk? My toes feel them. But how do my toes tell my brain? How does my brain know what my body is doing?”

And my favorite: a two-year old’s older brother was talking to a neighbor about rocks. The neighbor said she had a piece of lava in her living room, did the boy want to see it? The two-year old, whose speech was just developing and who talked as though he were learning a foreign language, interrupted the neighbor and asked, “Do. You. Have. A. Volcano. In. Your. House?”

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See? A scientific inference based on previous knowledge; scientific questions with evidence and believable answers or not. I’m not saying  these people are doing science, only that they’re thinking like scientists, asking questions and proposing answers that could be turned into science.  I’m saying that if you want to know the origins of science, you can just hang around coffee shops and conglomerate sidewalks and houses that may well have volcanoes in them.

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Photos came from Flickr and the links no longer work and I can’t find them. I apologize to the photographers who obviously take charming pictures of curious people.

Ode to the Brown-Headed Cowbird, Again

I'm so happy to see these guys year after year, so I'm celebrating them again here on LWON.

I don't know why this came out in "verse," but here it is. I'm no poet, but I had fun regardless. And if you read it right, it really does scan!

Upon my feeder yesterday
A cowbird male did land,
Brown-headed with his body coal
At first glance not too grand.

But then I took the time to learn
The story of his kind,
I peered more closely, read some facts
That truly changed my mind.

Named for chasing cattle herds
To nab bugs in their wake,
They thrive in meadows, grass, and fields
‘cross these United States.

A male’s song’s like a water drop
A female’s more a chatter,
Both voices seem to do the job
When something is the matter.

It seems that in this species
Evolution had her druthers:
The mama doesn’t build a nest
‘stead lays her eggs in others’.

This obligate brood parasite
Her bets she sure does hedge,
Lets others spend their energy
to get her chicks to fledge.

Sounds rude perhaps, but gotta like
this winning strategy,
of passing on one’s DNA
in total secrecy.

Its name suggests a dullish bird
With colors bland as grime,
Females, true, aren’t vibrant birds
But males are sublime.

As sunshine hits one's feathers and
The light upon them plays,
They burst with plums and glossy blues
As if they’re dipped in glaze.

His head's a little nugget
as of creamy choc-o-late,
He holds himself with confidence
that draws him mates, I'll bet.

Mine looked at me, then looked away
That seemed to be the trend,
But when finally he held my gaze
I felt I'd made a friend.

I’ve come to love these common birds
I’m hit by Cupid’s arrow!
What's next to get a second chance?
That boring little sparrow.
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Photo by Joshua J. Cotten on Unsplash

Go Sit in a Forlorn Chair

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It’s summer, and I’ve been thinking of what poet Billy Collins called those, “forlorn chairs/though at one time it must have seemed/a good place to stop and do nothing for a while.” Even situated, as they usually are, to take in the view, it’s hard for those chairs to compete with the attention-grabbing distractions found on our glowing screens.

If you’re not careful, you can spend hours looking at moving pictures and not reading things on your magical device. You start on a favorite news site, clicking through the headlines. Maybe you even open a story or two and read a couple of paragraphs. Then you leave those open tabs to visit a social media site, which sends you on another long string of click and skim. And these on-screen attractions are merely a distraction from your work and there are also the chores of daily life, and before you know it, the day is done and the chairs have sat empty once again.

If ever there’s a season to occupy those lonely chairs, this is it, and here at our farm, my husband and I (and our near-constant stream of summer visitors) are doing our part. Compared to all the shiny things beckoning from our screens, sitting on our front porch and watching the sun move across the sky might seem a little boring. Sure, we’ve got spectacular views of jagged mountains and deep canyons. But sunsets unfold slowly, and sitting still and paying attention requires a kind of patience that’s rarely called upon in the digital age. Which is why it feels so important to practice the art of just being — savoring the moment, for its ephemeral quality.

A few weeks ago, I went mountain biking with a friend along a high ridge near Aspen. Near the end of the ride, just before we dropped back down into the valley, we paused to take in the view. My friend pointed to some massive houses perched along the hillside below us. “I did landscaping work at some of those mansions one summer,” he told me.

The weird economics of resort towns like Aspen is a topic for another day, but my friend recalled how he’d learned to work. You needed to get the job done, he told me, but it didn’t behoove you to work too fast. The rates were set based on a certain number of yards per day, and if you exceeded the prescribed pace, the hours wouldn’t add up. As a result, the crew was required to take a civilized number of breaks throughout the day, and usually these were enjoyed on the fancy chairs that went most of the time unoccupied at these empty houses. “I’m sure I spent more time on those decks looking at the view than any of the owners did,” he told me.

I’m not generally inclined to feel sorry for the owners of uninhabited trophy homes, but my friend’s story made me feel a twinge of pity for these rich people who were too busy and important to savor the view they’d spent so much money cultivating. While I was in Aspen, speaking at an esteemed institute, I sat down to talk with a VIP. “This place is so amazing,” she told me. “People are so relaxed, just enjoying the scenery.” It occurred to me that this wasn’t normal where she comes from — a big, important city on the coast.

I wanted to tell her to fight back. Forget your next appointment. Turn off your smart phone and take a few minutes to feed your soul. Unplug for a while and let your mind wander a bit. Smell a flower, listen to the birds sing, dance. Go sit in those forlorn chairs and take some time to notice nothing but the sound of your own looking.

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Photo by Tambako The Jaguar via Flickr.

This post originally ran on July 16, 2015.

Spiders, far away and at home

Jumping spiders are, I think, generally agreed to be the cutest spider.

What makes an animal cute? Especially this representative of one of the most-feared animal groups, the spider?

It’s fuzzy, like a teddy bear. It has big eyes, like a baby fox. It holds its pedipalps, those little things that stick out on either side of the mouth and look like legs but aren’t, so politely, pointing down, like it’s trying to avoid upsetting you. It has a big cuddly abdomen and the fuzz makes its legs look less leggy, so it resembles, in shape if not in shininess, a beetle, politely going about its business, no creepy long legs here, taking up as little space as possible. Like it knows what people think about spiders, and it’s hoping we’ll understand that it’s not one of those spiders, it’s a nice spider.

Or maybe it’s more generous, trying to be an ambassador for all spiders – we’re not bad! Sure, some of my cousins have venom that can kill, but they don’t want to kill you. Spiders are a loving race. We come in peace. Please don’t squish us.

I met the spider above on a Sunday morning in April. It was on the wooden gate of a small Buddhist temple in the city of Takamatsu in Japan. This was the 83rd temple on my pilgrimage to 88 temples on the island of Shikoku, so I was nearly done, and I knew my way around some logistics by now – I was staying at a hotel by the train station with relatively comfortable beds, and taking trains part of the way to the temples. Number 83 was one of my easiest visits, so easy that it barely felt like it counted. The previous day had been a strenuous hike with two temples on top of a wooded plateau. But the trip to this temple was easy, a 20-minute train ride and then a 10-minute flat walk through suburbia.

When I arrived I sat on a bench, to get my candles and incense out of my backpack. The bench was against the temple’s modest wooden gate, and I noticed a jumping spider at eye level. Polite, fuzzy, big-eyed. Sweet. I spent a moment capturing its portrait, then I visited the temple’s two main halls, lighting my candles and incense and reading the mantras and the Heart Sutra at each, receiving a stamp in my stamp book and a pretty cloth bag, sewn by hand and left at the temple as part of the tradition of gifts for pilgrims. Like some other tiny temples I had been to, temple 83 felt homey and had a generous aura to it. I sat back down with the spider and rested, before taking off on the long walk back toward my hotel.

Now I’m back home in hot, steamy D.C. The other day when I got into my partner’s car, on the passenger side, a jumping spider got in with me. I tried to usher it out the door but it leapt away, under the seat. A few days later I got in again and noticed long wisps of silk from the rear-view mirror, reaching back toward the back of the passenger compartment. I didn’t know if a spider could have survived long in our terrible heat, though; in the days in between, the car had spent time parked in the sun, conditions that would be unsurvivable for a mammal.

But spiders are made of tougher stuff, even the cute, cuddly, fuzzy ones. The spider appeared, and I rolled down the window and nudged it outside.

Photo: Helen Fields, obviously

P.S. I was delighted to find, while getting this ready for posting, that we already have a category for jumping spiders, so I recommend that you go back and read all about Our Betsy’s obsession.