On Henry VIII and the mystery of the missing male heirs

Anne_Boleyn“There are so many women in the world, so many fresh and young and virtuous women, so many good and kind women. Why have I been cursed with women who destroy the children in their own wombs?”

So complains Hilary Mantel’s fictional version of Henry VIII – and this Sunday marks the date, 477 years ago, when Anne Boleyn paid the price for his lament.

Boleyn was the second of Henry’s six wives. Though Henry broke with the Catholic church to marry Boleyn, he had her executed on May 19, 1536, three years after she became his wife. He was frustrated with her and her inability to have a male child – something which four of Henry’s other five wives also failed to do.

Reading Mantel’s enthralling novel, “Bring up the Bodies,” which documents the souring of the marriage through the lens of Henry’s adviser, Thomas Cromwell, I couldn’t help wondering how this situation – indeed, the course of history – might have turned out differently if the sixteenth-century English court had access to modern medicine.

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Red Badge of Courage (Or, The One Where I Jinx Myself)

8110488526_194c13d266_nGuest poster Mary Caperton Morton wrote a lovely post about poison oak a few years back, but I just had this itch…

I saw an old friend—or foe, I guess—on a run last weekend. Leafless during winter, the poison oak in a nearby park has started to push out shiny green triads along the trail sides. My bare legs shivered a bit as I ran by.

Poison oak, like its kin poison ivy and poison sumac, is slick with urushiol. The lacquer tree also produces thick, urushiol-rich sap; between June and October, people tap these trees, stir the sap, and evaporate the water to create a lacquer that forms a beautiful protective coating on boxes, bowls, even pens.

But brushed on the surface of susceptible skin, urushiol produces a much less refined veneer of bumpy red rash. Continue reading

The Last Word

8254680961_2a975c53f8May 6 – 10

This week, LWON spawn Virginia Hughes returns to the mothership to ask: Isn’t it a waste to spend precious years of our waking lives in service to death?

People with discipline are more satisfied with less, says Jessa. People with self-control deficiencies want more.

Christie considers the difference between a study whose findings support a hypothesis, and one that simply don’t contradict it.

Michelle tells us what makes a tribe work.

And we, the people of LWON, smoke our own exhaust and interview the writers of The Science Writer’s Handbook.

Build Your Own Tribe … in Five Easy Steps

8254680961_2a975c53f8As a freelance writer, I spend a lot of my time in contented isolation. But lately I’ve been appreciating a particular kind of social network. It’s not my intimate circle of family and friends, wonderful though that is. It’s not the choppy, wide-open seas of Twitter and Facebook, though those have their place as well. The kind of network I’m talking about is looser than a family, more trustworthy than any real or virtual crowd, and more or less egalitarian. I think of it as a tribe.

Two of my tribes have been busy in recent weeks: I just co-edited a book written by more than 30 friends, all members of a network of science writers called SciLance. I’ve also connected and reconnected with alums of my alma mater, Reed College, through the Switchboard, a student-built network where Reedies of all ages ask for and offer internships, career advice, spare rooms and so on.

Dunbar’s number suggests that the maximum size of a stable social network is about 150 people. While SciLance has 30-odd members, the Switchboard is open to tens of thousands. Yet both have managed to lure notoriously independent, cocktail-party-averse types into enthusiastic daily communication with their fellow humans. (I once got a college-reunion pitch that began, “You may think you’re the only person who didn’t know a soul at Reed …”) In both cases, the results are surprisingly powerful, helping everyone do better than they would have on their own.

What makes these tribes work?

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This is what a meaningless study looks like.

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So many press releases land in my inbox that I don’t have time to read them all. But a recent release from the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) caught my eye — “Treatment by naturopathic doctors shows reduction in cardiovascular risk factors. Randomized controlled trial.”

This would be big news if it were true. Naturopathic physicians are eager for respect in the mainstream, and if a randomized, controlled trial really showed that naturopathic medicine could produce measurable results, this could give naturopaths some bona fide credibility.

At this point you may be asking, what exactly is “naturopathic medicine” anyway? According to the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians, “Naturopathic physicians work with nature to restore people’s health.” Got that? They work with nature. Not to be confused with physicians that work against nature. For instance, oncologists who work to stop cancers made possible by genes that evolved in nature. Or infectious disease docs who fight parasites that have naturally co-evolved with their hosts. Continue reading

Unconnected Dots: Sport and Will Power

Screen-Shot-2013-05-02-at-7.32.56-AMClenching your muscles increases self-control. So does having a loud super-ego, or at least some form of inner monologue. Isolation disrupts our will power, as does having too much dopamine in our systems, like ADHD sufferers chronically do. Sugar boosts self-control. So does a short burst of exercise. For smokers, the same restorative effect happens when they smoke a cigarette.

Shirley Firth Larsson was a cross-country skier. She won the Canadian championships 29 times and competed – alongside her twin sister Sharon – in four consecutive Olympics (1972-84). She was indigenous Gwich’in from Inuvik, in Northern Canada, and she died of cancer a week ago.

We are less impulsive if we have long-term goals — something investors would be well served to keep in mind. Disciplined people are infectious: if we’re watching or even thinking of someone else who has good self-control, we stick to our goals. Disciplined people are also more satisfied with less. People with self-control deficiencies categorize more things as necessities. Muscle fatigue originates in the brain and can easily be influenced psychologically.

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Shirley Firth Larsson was just one of the notable students who came out of Father Mouchet’s TEST program. That’s short for the Territorial Experimental Ski Program. Mouchet was a French resistance fighter. An oblate priest. A cross-country skiing enthusiast. An immigrant in 1946 to the Canadian Arctic. He thought the way to help indigenous students was to give them self-confidence and motivation through disciplined physical training.

Roy Baumeister and colleagues proposed a resource model of self-control – if we put in the effort to resist temptations in the morning, we might be more susceptible to them in the afternoon. If this is true, the key to better behavior would be in the removal of temptations. More recent work has suggested self-control has more to do with motivation and attendance. An area in the dorsal fronto-median cortex is activated every time we resist a temptation. When our attention shifts away from the task at hand, we start using all kinds of heuristics for our decisions, instead of really thinking things through or considering consequences.

There are fewer than 300 people in the Yukon fly-in community of Old Crow. January’s average daily low is -35˚C, not including wind chill. You couldn’t pay me enough to ski every morning before school in Old Crow. They started in primary school. Father Mouchet never got much religious traction in his largely Anglican community, but he is a hero to many. He was a rare gentle person in the lives of children who had been abducted from their families and sent to residential schools to be stripped of their culture. Now he’s 95 and says things like “I don’t think the child coming out of native society has the toughness that they used to have in those days.”

The Last Word on The Science Writers’ Handbook

Media Scrum_Thailand LWON is a group blog run semi-anarchically by 12 science writers. If you think that sounds like a recipe for chaos, just contemplate SciLance, an even more anarchic group of 35 science writers. Usually, SciLance is just a discussion group, so the chaos is relatively subdued. But last week, the writers of SciLance published their first group project – The Science Writers’ Handbook: Everything You Need to Know to Pitch, Publish and Prosper in the Digital Age. We thought we’d celebrate this triumph over entropy with blurred lines and convergent chaos. To wit: the 12 members of LWON interview the 3 LWONians who are also SciLancers. What could possibly go wrong? Continue reading

Guest Post: Death’s Eternal Logistics


I spent several hours on Sunday afternoon in what has to be the most charming cemetery in New York City. If I didn’t know what I was looking for, I would have missed its arched iron gate, tucked into 2nd Avenue just north of East 2nd Street, where the East Village meets the Lower East Side. Once through, I walked a short brick-lined alley into something that looks more Middle-earth than Manhattan: a half-acre plot of bright green grass, lined by a 12-foot marble wall.

It was warm and sunny. A few locals had come to the secluded spot to picnic, sunbathe and read. A gray-haired woman was sitting under a tree, painting the scene from a wooden easel. I walked past them and joined a group sitting in green plastic chairs. We were there for the owners’ meeting.
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